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February 25, 2005
Popular science
I remember studies like this being on the front page of Time in the 1980s. Women, men, math, maps, different areas of the brain. Same stuff. But look at the percentages. You still got millions of men and women who don't fit into the categories. We are all a lot more variable than these studies suggest. (Actually, the studies themselves are usually rigorous, but the popular science reporting isn't. Remember, this is the same MSM that reports on the war in Iraq and the 2004 election. Scientists are not happy when their findings are generalized out of all recognition.)So Bill says he can't read maps worth a damn. And I love reading maps and using them to get around, either on foot or by car. That's two more data points for you folks.
As long as schools and employers look at each individual's real abilities, the studies can be useful adjuncts for particular purposes. But as we can see by this latest blog kerfluffle, people love any excuse to make sweeping generalizations, because it saves mental processing time (which has some evolutionary purpose, but can be counter-productive in most social settings these days).
Some good comments at Ed's blog, showing how real scientists evaluate these kinds of results:
In 1970 3% of physics PhDs were women. Cue the women's movement. Today 18% of physics PhDs are women, and that number is rising. There were an enormous number of women at MIT when I was there in graduate school. Please explain. The "Nature" people are stuck with the uncomfortable fact of an order of magnitude increase in the number of professional women physicists in one generation. Evolution doesn't work like that. Hypothesis: the erosion of institutional barriers and sexist attitudes, along with the empowerment of young women, have allowed women to explore opportunities that were denied them in the past. Hence the enormous explosion (do you know how statistically significant an order of magnitude shift in a demographic is?) in professional women scientists in one generation.And:Any decent high-school science student could spot the more likely explanation...
Signed,
A professional mathematicianp.s. - anyone quoting "The Bell Curve" is hanging an 'I am a scientific idiot" sign around their neck. Sorry, but that's just embarassing. The methodology used in that book has been "demolished". Period.
I'm one of those women with a PhD in Physics. I am also curious that no one has speculated that the differences in abilities (or in brain matter used) are *learned*. The brain changes with environment and use. There was a study done that compared the brain activity of London cabbies to ordinary drivers, and the cabbies had markedly more neural connections. Are you arguing that only very well-connected brain people are deciding to become cabbies? That something in the water makes a London cabbie more brainy than a New York one? Brain usage also changes after a stroke and people learn to compensate to work around the damaged area.And:Look. All I'm asking is that you extend your stated desire to allow reasoned, intellectual discorse to *also* include the possibility that we DON'T KNOW YET what innate differences exist between the male and female brain. We would have to take infants and raise them in complete isolation to get a real understanding of that, and such an experiment is, of course, completely unethical. Culture is pervasive and you can't control it nearly as well as you think you can. I sure got the message that little girls weren't supposed to like to play with cars and guns and spaceships. I did it anyway, because I'm stubborn. If girls don't take math classes, if they don't do geometry, drafting, etc, it is not entirely surprising that they don't develop the math side of their brains and don't express themselves in terms of absolute coordinates.
The article is a touch brief and lacks enough information to tell if it was worth the paper it was written on. The study group was very small. No information on the racial mix of the individuals studied. No information on the expertise of the subjects either.(Though I suppose the assesment tests may have helped, but that is a big assumption.) Seems to me that there could be a lot of vectors that could poke some holes in the results.
And:
I just thought of another tidbit that might be of interest. In grad school I was a teaching assistant for the calculus-based physics classes. After a while you can get a feel for how students think, the common ways they make mistakes, and so on. Plenty of male students really, really struggled with basic physics concepts. The best student I ever had was a woman. She was phenomenal, truly. I was in awe of her ability to absorb the concepts and apply them, it was almost as if it was her natural element. She found errors in the textbook! I often wonder what happened to her, if she went on to advanced studies or not. I hope so.UPDATE: Continued here, with more cognition studies and stats on math/science achievement across cultures.
Judith | 02/25/05 at 02:04 PM | Categories: Life and how to live it
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Comments
Math ability correlates with the difference in length between the middle finger and pointer finger.
Has any one done the measurement on the various samples?
M. Simon | February 25, 2005 04:12 PM
"...people love any excuse to make sweeping generalizations...."
Heh.
Gary Farber | February 25, 2005 04:21 PM
D'oh!
You got me there, Gary.
(I just wanted to make sure I have evidence to back up my assertion, see.)
Judith | February 25, 2005 06:55 PM
. The "Nature" people are stuck with the uncomfortable fact of an order of magnitude increase in the number of professional women physicists in one generation. YOU are the one that is overgeneralizing, simply describing those that are pushing innate differences with the binary label "the nature people;" absolutists.
In fact, many of those that are pushing the "innate" theme are pushing it as a COMPONENT of a multifactorial explanation of why the gap between men and women is so wide in these sciences, a theory that includes socialization.
The increase in women in the upper echelons of academia CAN be explained by modifications in our culture and the educational system, but that alone does NOT explain the disparate divide in the upper reaches of standardized test scores that are 4 standard deviations from the mean. Stats do not lie, nor do tests that control for socialization and rely on innate cues.
Which again, was Larry Summers point, along with the presentation of theories of socialization and discrimination. Which in turn is the point of many taht are editorializing on his behalf.
Look. All I'm asking is that you extend your stated desire to allow reasoned, intellectual discorse to *also* include the possibility that we DON'T KNOW YET what innate differences exist between the male and female brain. Of course. But it also seems that you may be asking for more. I don't think that most people that cite that research are making claims to know the human brain, but most people that are up on the research are also aware of the fact that serious personality differences and modes of thinking - beyond passivity and aggression - are directly dependent on the presence of certain hormones that are associated with the sexes.
For example, testosterone is associated with things like mathematical reasoning, skills which decline in the absence or suppression of this hormone in an individual, and there is perhaps no more obvious difference between the sexes than the proportion of certain male and female hormones in each sex.
so, even before we've mapped out the amazing complexity of the brain, and the various influences of nature vs. nurture in gender behavior, it IS eminently reasonable and correct to make the "generalization" that there are innate factors that make MORE men better than women at certain things (and vice versa), though CERTAIN women will outperform MOST men in these same areas.
Anonymous | February 25, 2005 09:10 PM
"it IS eminently reasonable and correct to make the "generalization" that there are innate factors that make MORE men better than women at certain things (and vice versa), though CERTAIN women will outperform MOST men in these same areas."
I don't think anyone is denying that. But the women and men who don't fit the generalizations number in the millions. That's an awful lot of people who are going to be put in the wrong pigeonholes if public policy is designed around studies like this.
I don't think myself or any of these commenters, or even most of those disturbed by Summers' comments, object to scientific research. We object to complicated nuanced partial results being taken as proof of simplistic gender distinctions.
Judith | February 25, 2005 09:33 PM
I don't think anyone is denying that. But the women and men who don't fit the generalizations number in the millions. That's an awful lot of people who are going to be put in the wrong pigeonholes if public policy is designed around studies like this.Ha! But no one is advocating public policy designed around studies like this. The only public policy that reflects a studies like this is meritocracy, in which case the number of men in advanced academia in hard math and science will continue to outnumber women by a large ratio, based on innate factors alone.
We object to complicated nuanced partial results being taken as proof of simplistic gender distinctions.In legitimate statistical analysis, nuanced partial results ARE simplistic gender ditinctions; ie: "men are more likely to have skill at math and science than women," or "MORE men will be scientific geniuses than women, though certain women will excel far beyond the average man."
You are constructing strawmen for your argument. Some bloggers and commenters may be making overly simplistic observations, but I haven't seen anyone assert that it's not possible for a woman to achieve exceptional achievement in math or science, or assert that there aren't individuals in both sexes that reside many standard deviations from the norm.
So your choice to take this argument, in the face of those that are primarily supporting Summers' eminently supportable arguments, seems to reflect a personal need to assert something that doesn't beg assertation: that women like you can be good at map reading.
We believe you. I got nearly a perfect score on my SAT Verbal, even though I'm a man. My math score was significantly lower, yet I accept that I am different from the average patterns within sexes.
And while I may be exceptionally good at verbal skills within both overall populations, and may be as good as some of the best women, there will be more women that have exceptional verbal skill than my male brothers in arms.
And I'm ok with that.
Anonymous | February 25, 2005 10:47 PM
Incidentally, since my ratio of posting when I disagree to when I agree tends to be about or at least one hundred to one, I'll mention that I pretty much agree with your take on both the Summers brouhaha (you already used "kerfuffle," and one hates to repeat) and the scientific issue, as well as the social dynamics.
Gary Farber | February 27, 2005 01:35 AM
Oh, and if you're interested, you might take a look at the recent addition to the Blogger configuration pages, which allows for checking the option for making comments javascript comment boxes, if you have any interest in that. Also, we can now change the format for when comments are time-stamped, so, for instance, the date will be clear as well as the time of day.
Gary Farber | February 27, 2005 01:37 AM
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